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Polynesians migrated to and established communities on the islands of Hawaii around 800 CE, part of the significant expansion of Austronesian peoples that also populated most other Pacific islands.
Captain James Cook was the first European visitor to the islands, arriving in 1778. At that time, each island was a separate kingdom. With the support of Western advisors and weapons, Kamehameha I of the island of Hawaii conquered all the islands except Kauai, which consented to his rule in 1810.
After Kamehameha II abolished the kapu system, American missionaries came to the islands to spread Christianity. As the ancient Hawaiians did not have any concept of owning land, the apostles became official landowners of many of the islands. Their children became successful businessmen in the Islands and still hold entire isles today. Pineapple and sugar cane plantations were established, and workers from other countries were imported as contract laborers. Their descendants also became established successful professionals.
The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by a group of American businessmen. While the US administration refused to annex the former sovereign nation in 1898, the United States did annex the islands, which became a territory in 1900, and a state of the United States in 1959.
Hawaii also became an important outpost for the US military through the 20th century. Pearl Harbor was the site of the Japanese attack on December 7th, 1941, resulting in the US joining World War II. Today, the military maintains its presence here, with several major military bases on the island of Oahu alone; Pearl Harbor remains the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet.
Over the years, many major retail chains have expanded their presence in Hawaii, making the Islands look more and more like the continental United States, often at the expense of local businesses. Nevertheless, Hawaii remains culturally vibrant. Its population, descended from the Native Hawaiians, the original plantation workers, and more recent arrivals, and in which no one group has a majority, is often cited as an example of multiculturalism at its best. There is a solid commitment to perpetuating native Hawaiian cultural traditions and the cultural heritage of Hawaii’s many immigrant communities from the Pacific, Asia, and Europe. And indeed, the environment is conducive to longevity. Hawaii has the longest predicted life expectancies of any US state.
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