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00:10 JT16 小田原 Odawara
02:13 JT17 早川 Hayakawa
06:46 JT18 根府川 Nebukawa
12:02 JT19 真鶴 Manazuru
15:38 JT20 湯河原 Yugawara
21:36 JT21 熱海 Atami

熱海鉄道 (あたみてつどう) と 豆相人車鉄道 (ずそうじんしゃてつどう)

現在の東海道本線が開業する前、小田原と熱海の間を結んでいた軽便鉄道線である。
しかし、その前身には、人車軌道の豆相人車鉄道(ずそうじんしゃてつどう)が走っていた。

熱海は古くから温泉の町として知られていたが、この辺りは地形が険しく、東海道本線も当初は熱海を通らず現在の御殿場線のルートを取るなど、交通の不便な場所でもあった。そのため、この地に鉄道を敷設する運動が地元民などから起こるようになった。
丁度、国府津駅前から小田原町(現、小田原市)内まで小田原馬車鉄道(1900年に路面電車化し、1920年廃止)という馬車鉄道が開通していたため、それと連絡する形で当初は普通の鉄道を敷設しようとしたが、資金が集まらなかったため事業家雨宮敬次郎の発案により人力で車両を押す人車軌道に規格を変更し、雨宮と地元有志が共同で豆相人車鉄道を設立して1895年から1900年にかけて漸次開通させた。

これは営業的には高運賃(全線の運賃は工夫の賃金1日分だったといわれる)を取ったこともあって成功したが、原始的であり押し手の賃金も高額となることから、社名を熱海鉄道と改めて1907年に蒸気機関車牽引の軽便鉄道へ切り替えた。翌年には、営業が不振であったことから雨宮が設立した大日本軌道に買収され、同社の小田原支社管轄となる。

その後、東海道本線のルートを丹那トンネルの開削などによって、御殿場経由から現行の熱海経由に変更することが発表されると、大日本軌道では、勝負にならないとして補償も兼ねて一切の設備車両を1920年に国へ売却した。買収後は熱海軌道組合を新たに設立し、施設一切を国が同組合に貸し付け、職員は組合が雇用する形で運営され、主に丹那トンネル建設作業員の輸送手段として運行された。

そして、1922年に新東海道本線の小田原駅 – 真鶴駅間が「熱海線」の名で開業すると、その並行区間を廃止して残存区間で営業を継続したが、翌年に発生した関東大震災で壊滅的な打撃を受け、そのまま廃止となった。なお、その翌年となる1924年には熱海線は予定通り熱海駅までの開業を果たし、1934年には丹那トンネルが開通して熱海線は東海道本線へ改められた。

Atami Railway (Atami Tetsudo) and Mamesojinsha Railway (Zusoujinsha Tetsudo)

It is a light railway line that connected Odawara and Atami before the opening of the current Tokaido Main Line.
However, in its predecessor, the Mamesojinsha Railway (Zusoujinsha Tetsudo), which is a human-car track, was running.

Atami has long been known as a hot spring town, but the terrain is steep, and the Tokaido Main Line was also an inconvenient place for transportation, as it initially took the route of the current Gotemba Line without passing through Atami. Therefore, the movement to lay a railroad in this area has started to occur from local people.
Just as the Odawara Horsecar Railway (turned into a road train in 1900 and abolished in 1920) was opened from the front of Kokufutsu Station to the inside of Odawara Town (currently Odawara City), a normal railway was initially opened in contact with it. I tried to lay it, but because the funds were not collected, the standard was changed to a human car track that pushes the vehicle manually by the idea of ​​entrepreneur Keijiro Amenomiya, and Amemiya and local volunteers jointly established the Mameso Human Car Railway in 1895. It was gradually opened from 1900 to 1900.

This was successful in terms of business because it took a high fare (it is said that the fare for all lines was one day’s worth of ingenuity), but it is primitive and the wages of the pushers are high, so the company name Was changed to Atami Railway in 1907 to a light railway towed by a steam locomotive. The following year, due to sluggish sales, it was acquired by Dainippon Orbit, which was established by Amemiya, and became under the jurisdiction of the company’s Odawara branch office.

After that, when it was announced that the route of the Tokaido Main Line would be changed from via Gotemba to the current route via Atami due to the excavation of the Tanna Tunnel, etc. Sold to the country in the year. After the acquisition, the Atami Orbital Union was newly established, the government lent all the facilities to the union, and the staff were operated by the union, which was mainly used as a means of transportation for Tanna tunnel construction workers.

Then, in 1922, when the section between Odawara Station and Manazuru Station on the Shin-Tokaido Main Line opened under the name of “Atami Line”, the parallel section was abolished and the remaining section continued to operate, but it was destroyed by the Great Kanto Earthquake that occurred the following year. It was abolished as it was. The following year, in 1924, the Atami Line opened to Atami Station as planned, and in 1934, the Tanna Tunnel was opened and the Atami Line was changed to the Tokaido Main Line.

AloJapan.com