【Japanese Tour Guide’s History of Japan-5】The Jomon Period-2
[Music] hi everyone welcome to the online lecture history of Japan I’m at suai Mar site in alore perfecture this is a park making Discovery site of the German period at the time of its Discovery this site was one of Japan’s representative German ruins that greatly influen the view of the German period among Japanese people before this great discovery many researchers interpreted the period as primitive and no civilization I’ll talk about this place later let’s start in the last video I talked about environment and food during long peaceful German period the topics of this video are tools passion and living space the German period was a time when people did Hunting Fishing and Gathering to do so they needed tools let’s see what they used in the partic period people did hunting and used tools made of stones spares harons axes and knives people in the German period also use the same tools in the German period large elephants such as Nano and mamas were already extinct and mediumsized animals such as deer White boes and bears increased to hunt them balls and arrows were more useful than spares it’s believed that people at the time started to use them in addition they used Stone plates with Hollow to grind nuts fish and meat they might cook meatballs the tool that symbolizes the German period is the German poy the time when ptry came into use is defined at the beginning of the period it was about 16,500 years ago the pieces of the potteries excavated at o motor site in alore perfecture are currently considered as oldest ones in the world this has been scientifically verified not only here all patries of the same age have been found all over Japan for example Kama in Tokyo in Nagasaki m in Kagawa and Tao 3 in Hokkaido the fact that the ruins of the early German period spread from north to south suggest that people lived in all of the Japanese archipelago at the time in the last video I mentioned that the German period was named after the German pattern or cmark but the patterns and decorations on patries in this period varied widely from period to period and region to region the bottom of most potri are flat but some are pointed most of the pointed ones were used in the early stage of the period in particular keni is very unique K means flame DOI is py very decorative and artistic main characteristic of the py is the four fancy protrusions like chicken comb attached to the top of it the M of the py has Jack shaped like Soto the body has spiral patterns they don’t have cord Mark they look like artworks for display but German people actually use them inside of the poaty is covered with suits from burning nuts and meat perhaps they express their appreciation and respect for fire through decoration as they use potes to boil and cook food in their daily lives on the other hand some researchers have suggested that the patterns represent saring water stream and waves because many patries of this style were excavated in N prefecture especially around the Shinu River basing these PD were used from about 5300 to 4800 years ago nuts wild vegetables and potatoes are abundance in the mountains of this region even today niru are still of these bounties of nature is a popular local dish of this area it may be a remnant of the German period the pottery was a great invention of this period it enabled the preservation and stockpiling of food and cooking such as boiling horse chestnuts and acorns needed to be de oated before eating to do this people used patries to boil them after that it imagine that the nuts were placed on the stone plate grounded with a stone kneed and then baked cookies they ate cookies carbonized cookies have been found at some German ruins this is a picture of the cookies baked about 6,000 years ago the main ingredients are chestnuts and walnuts they were found at on dasi site in Yamagata Prefecture in the late German period people began to use poies to produce salt salt producing Poes have been found mainly in the Kanto and the tohoku regions these are the names of the ruins with their location let’s take a closer look around Lake kasiga so producing poies dating from about 4,000 to 3,000 years ago were found at kamit takat site along present kasiga around kasm many so producing patries have been found at many sites at the time this area was a sea satama site in in Miagi prefecture is believed that it was the largest Sal producing area nowadays there is a city called shiogama near here shio is salt and GMA means pot according to myth it is known as the last place visited and settled by a DA named sh oami who is said to have taught people how to make salt at shinger located in the city this dat is still enshrined as one of navigation ties and controlling the ingredients of the sea the potteries must have enriched the diet of the people of the time when I was a kid I tried to make German Potter with cord mark But after firing the Potter was broken into pieces talking about the pottery I have to tell you about ler Lua is a milky white sap that comes from scratches on the surface of laa trees laa was already being applied to Pye a number of red colored patries including bowls plates and pots have been found at German ruins red loer is a mixture of loer and natural iron oxide some studies suggest that red was special color for the German people and it may have meant protection against evil Revival rebirth and prosperity laaka was also used as a glue some broken patries repaired with laaka have been found in some places the ancient Japanese restoration technique using laaka is still carried on today in a technique called kugi laa is used to bond cracked or broken Ceramics gold powder is used to cover the traces of laa left on the joints the gold colored seams of the restored Ceramics are enjoyed as keski it means cenery here in Japan we still use laaka for our daily lives especially wooden kitchen and table Weare those products are called Shiki it’s one of the very famous and important Japanese culture assets today noo in prefecture is a major production Center of rare and valuable domestic laer I want to show you a very rare item at sunai Mar site in Amor perfecture and unique living where was excavated it’s a carbonized basket W from the back of a cypress tree since there were walnuts inside it’s believed that it was used to collect them significant point about the tools of the German period is that no battle weapons have been found at German ruins of course there must have been some rangering and fighting though in 2016 a study by a research group from Yamaguchi and okama universities revealed that the death rate from violence was extremely low in the German period the research group collected 25 82 pieces of ger ear wounded human bone data from 242 sites across Japan spanning about 10,000 years and calculated the mortality rate due to violence of these 23 showed evidence of having received wounds compared to other periods in Japan this is less than 1/5 this fact is very important because it tells us that the Jon period was very peaceful as I showed you in the last video the period was comfortable and BL with rich food it’s easy to imagine that there was no need to fight let’s move on to the next topic fashion and living space it can be seen that people in the German period made not only daily tools such as poy but also other items that enrich their lives I’ve just told you about lck at patries let’s talk more about lacquer many patries and wooden utensils Combs and other object that laca sh was used as a cooing have been excavated from the German ruins red lacka barrial accessories were discovered at kakoshima be site in hakodate Hokkaido in June 2001 there was no body in the Tomb but laaka thread products that may have been hanging from the head both shoulders both arms and both legs were found scientific analysis revealed that this is the world’s oldest lacker product dating back about 9,000 years ago people lived here from about 9,000 to 3,000 years ago a red lard C about 6100 years ago was excavated from a shont in Tama F prefecture and this is a piece of lard wooden utensil packing about 6,000 years ago at the same place an even older laaka Branch backing about 12,600 years ago was found too about fashion not so many closets of this per were found based on archaeological materials excavated at various sites here is image of what people were clothing was probably basically made of hemp and other plant fibers the oldest needles in Japan used about 10,000 years ago were found at toara iwaki site n prefecture many needles from the German period were excavated throughout Japan too most of them were made of deer or and other animal bones weaving technology already existed in some places there was snow in winter it seems that they wore animal flow when it was cold lady seems to enjoy putting on accessories such as earrings bracelets anklets pendants and hair pins that were made of various kinds of materials like Jade Crystal Amber animal bones and horns seashells woods and clay well let’s talk about living space unlike the paralytic period when people live the mobile Lifestyle the German period can be described as a time of hunting Gathering and the sedentary lifestyle look at these pictures people in the German period lived in houses called it’s a pit dwelling this is a reconstructed dwelling at orph site in Hokkaido people lived here from about 5,500 to 4,000 years ago to build their houses they used woods and thatch this is how they built houses first they duck ground to make a floor it’s a semi basement house with a floor on the surface duck down about 1 M from the ground sometimes deeper the surrounding soil was reinforced on the walls with split wood to prevent collaps deep holes were dag in the main part of the floor and wooden poles were placed there to form the flame walk of the house finally the wooden flamework is covered with thatch roof from the entrance one descends into the house VI wooden stairs in the center of the house is a horse for cooking on the other side of the entrance across the house is a secret place where it is assumed that prayers were offered to all beings people must have offered thanks to Nature and their ancesters floor space varies in size average is 20 square m let’s take a look at the evolution of residential areas during the German period the areas are called Mur it means Village in the early period there were only habitation sites as time went on graves were found near there after that dwellings Graves storage facilities and the shell mounts introduced in the previous video were built in The Villages toward the end of the period rual sites began to be seen in The Villages then after communal cemeteries and communal ritual sites were constructed between neighboring settlements but later it became an independent place ofite is here o site where the oldest pieces of Po were found is here at the beginning of the period kakosa and kakma B sites where the lock out items I’ve just showed you what found is here finally I want to tell you more details about Sanai Mar site this area flourished in the same period as of site and has the same settlement structure this is a symbolic and the most famous German period site the arest records of this place was written in 1623 the story is back in 1992 when excavation were conducted before the planned construction of a baseball stadium facility here the discovery of a large scale German ruins made headlines in 1994 the discovery of the remains of a large Building made of giant chest trees about 1 m in diameter led to a growing call for the preservation of the site in the same year the decision was made to stop the construction and to preserve the site permanently in 2000 the site was designated as a special historic site and in 2003 approximately 2,000 artcrafts excavated hereward designated as important cultural properties the area of the ruins is about 420,000 square m people lived here from about 5900 to 4,200 years ago and had a population of about 500 people it would have been considered a large city at the time let’s take a closer look within the community family houses assembly Halls rows storages Graves and garbage dumps are systematically laid out people planted and cultivated Chestnut trees these are the buildings that stand out in particular first one is the large Building made of large Chestnut trees it was restored as a building 14.7 M High it said that the building was used for the place to worship the sacred a watchtower and the monument the pillar holds were about 2 m in diameter and depths and the holes were all spaced 4.2 M apart when this place was excavated giant Chestnut wooden pillars about 1 m in diameter were found to prevent Decay the perimeter and the lower portion of the pillars were burned and carbonized because of the abundance of ground water they remained unrooted the other one is the largest building at this site it’s about 32 M long and 10 m wide and so large compared to the surrounding houses it might have been an assembly hall a communal Workshop or communal house it’s believed that many people had already been mobilized and the construction of settlements with large scale Civil Works were systematically conducted when I mentioned about tools of the German period I said it was very peaceful times because no weapons for battle have been found at the German site in addition ruins of the German period is characterized by absence of walls to protect residents from outside enemies sunai mariama site is a very large ruin and excavations are still ongoing I look forward to new discoveries in the future before wrapping up the lecture I want to talk about population during the German period normal process for determin population in Archaeology is to First establish a time period measures number of sites that existed during the setting period Then calculate the number of people who would have lived there and finally estimate that operation this is a figure that I showed you in the last video about 12,000 years ago Ice Age ended and temperature began to rise total population of the Japanese archipelago at the time is estimated to be about 20,000 the major eruption of Kai Cera about 7300 years ago C great disaster in western part of Japan and many people migrate to Eastern and Northern parts like Hokkaido tohoku and Country regions sunai Marite is located in tohoku about 6,000 years ago it was very warm and the sea level reached its highest point Hokkaido tohoku Kanto regions were very comfortable places to live this is a time when sunai Marite flourished total population also reached its highest it was about 260,000 close to the end of the German period cold weather s people lived at sunai Mara site did Hunting Fishing and cultivating Chestnut trees and vegetables but it became hard to do it it’s believed that people lived in Hokkaido and the tohoku regions began to move to warmer areas when party R cultivation gradually started in Japan about 3,000 years ago the population was about 80,000 when we look at the fact of temperature sea level climate natural disaster and population everything is correlated well let’s move on to the next Japan travel tips these are the places I showed you in this video and C spots near there often kakosa and kakosa B sites around this sites I want to recommend two places first on makasi National Park you can see beautiful view of Mount kagat over Lake onuma there are sing boats the boat ride is about 40 minutes next one is hakot is one of the leading Port City located at the southern tip of the Big Island Hokkaido the city is famous for beautiful night view from the top of Mount hakodate when the weather is fine during the day you have chance to see Mount katake oldfashioned warehouses are renovated into shopping malls that sells Local Foods souvenirs and crafts they are located close to hakot Bay Area and hakot station the city is famous for seafood especially easom it’s Sashimi o squid looks like th noodles sunai Mara site there is a museum within the site where visitors can see many powerful excavation reled items this site is located about 1.5 km from shingi station on the to shansen anybody who loves history or becomes intered in the German period highly recommend itasaki Castle it’s located about 40 km from sunai Marite this place is very famous in Japan for its CH Broms and otoman leaves on the fine day beautiful M iwaki can be seen from the castle tower [Music] the main dat is the DAT of construction of the shrine is not clear but its origin is said to be before the Nar period closely here there is machima Bay tourists can’t enjoy Cruise there Seafood is abundant and delicious here as well that’s all thank you for watching see you next time
【Table of contents】
00:00 Introduction – Sannai Maruyama Site
00:44 Stone tools
02:44 Jomon potteries
03:10 Kaengata Doki
04:35 Jomon cookies
05:20 Salt-producing potteries
06:47 Lacquered potteries
07:25 Lacquer as glue and Kintsugi
07:55 Lacquer in our daily lives and Shikki
08:18 Jomon basket
08:35 No battle weapons in the Jomon Period
09:37 Fashion – lacquered items
10:56 Fashion – clothes and accessories
12:00 Living space – Tateanashiki Jukyo
13:30 Evolution of residential areas
14:39 Sannai Maruyama Site
17:46 Population during the Jomon Period
19:45 Japan Travel Tips – Onuma Quasi National Park and Hakodate
20:51 Japan Travel Tips – Sannai Maruyama Site and Hirosaki Castle
21:30 Japan Travel Tips – Shiogama Jinja
21:52 Special Thanks, Thanks and Closing
【Source of reference】*All in Japanese
●Books●
○History of Japan
古代史の真実を研究する会. 『世界が驚愕する！ 封印された日本の古代史』. 宝島社. 2024年
斎藤成也.『核DNA解析でたどる 日本人の源流』. 河出書房新社. 2017年
齋藤武夫.『授業作りJAPANの日本が好きになる！ 歴史全授業』. 授業作りJAPANさいたま. 2020年
関裕二. 『「縄文」の新常識を知れば日本の謎が解ける』. PHP文庫. 2021年
竹内睦泰. 『超速！ 日本史の流れ』. ブックマン社. 2013年
竹田恒泰. 『国史 教科書 中学校社会科用』. 令和書籍. 2024年
田中英道. 『日本国史(上)』. 育鵬社. 2022年
「ニッポン再発見」俱楽部. 『ここまでわかった！ 縄文と弥生 77の謎』. 三笠書房. 2024年
林英臣. 『縄文のコトダマ』. 博進社. 2016年
藤岡信勝, 他.『検定不合格 新しい歴史教科書』. 自由社. 2020年
山田康弘. 『地図でスッと頭に入る 縄文時代』. 昭文社. 2021年
他
●Web site●
チノポス 日本史
http://chinopos.jp/user/teacher/25
【公式】竹田恒泰チャンネル 2. 『竹田学校』. 2020年
テンミニッツTV
【核DNAから探る】日本列島人は、どこからやって来たのか？｜斎藤成也. 2021年
他
【Source of pictures and music】
Hakodate Jomon Culture Center
Ichihara Cultural Property Center
Ninohe City
Ofune Site
Sannai Maruyama Jomon Culture Center
Sannai Maruyama Site
The Niigata Prefectural Museum of History
Tsuchiura Archaeology Museum
Ukitamu Fudoki no oka Arcaelogical museum
Urushi no Koma-ya and Naoki Tatori
Wakasa History Museum
City of Hakodate
ColBase
Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association
Hirosaki Tourism And Convention Bureau
JOMON ARCHIVES
Nanae Onuma International Tourism and Convention Association
Niigata Prefecture Tourism Association
Nojiriko Naumann Elephant Museum
illust AC
photo AC
photolibrary
Audiostock
【Note】
・Movies of the lecture is based on reference of books and movies about history of Japan.
If I find out new information, I’ll share those to you. If I find out correction about the contents, I’ll revise it.
・I sometimes state my point of view in the movies.
・I do content planning, photo taking, video shooting, recording, editing by myself to produce the movie.
Although I’m an amateur creator of the movie, I try to improve my skill to produce better quality contents.
・About the name of persons. In Japan, the family name comes first and the given name comes after. But in this video, for convenience, the given name comes first and the family name comes after, in accordance with the viewers in many Western countries.
【Contact】
masashi.kaki.design@gmail.com
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